Bird / Ciconia ciconia

White Stork

LC

Lowest risk

Migratory

The white stork is a large bird in the stork family, Ciconiidae. Its plumage is mainly white, with black on the bird's wings. Adults have long red legs and long pointed red beaks, and measure on average 100–115 cm (39–45 in) from beak tip to end of tail, with a 155–215 cm (61–85 in) wingspan. The two subspecies, which differ slightly in size, breed in Europe, northwestern Africa, southwestern Asia and southern Africa. The white stork is a long-distance migrant, wintering in Africa from tropical Sub-Saharan Africa to as far south as South Africa, or on the Indian subcontinent. When migrating between Europe and Africa, it avoids crossing the Mediterranean Sea and detours via the Levant in the east or the Strait of Gibraltar in the west, because the air thermals on which it depends for soaring do not form over water.

Range mass
5000 to 10000 g
Average mass
8000 g
Range length
100 to 115 cm
Range wingspan
155 to 65 cm
Breeding interval
White storks breed once a year, each spring.
Breeding season
Breeding season takes place in the spring, beginning in March and April.
Range eggs per season
3 to 6
Average eggs per season
5
Average eggs per season
4
Range time to hatching
30 to 37 days
Average time to hatching
35 days
Range fledging age
7.5 to 9 weeks
Average fledging age
8 weeks
Range time to independence
8 to 10 weeks
Range age at sexual or reproductive maturity (female)
3 to 5 years
Range age at sexual or reproductive maturity (male)
3 to 5 years
Range lifespan
Status: wild
26 (high) years
Average lifespan
Status: wild
22 years
Range lifespan
Status: captivity
48 (high) years
Typical lifespan
Status: wild
20 to 25 years
Average lifespan
Status: captivity
35.0 years

Dewey, T. 2006. "Ciconia ciconia" (On-line), Animal Diversity Web. Accessed November 10, 2020 at https://animaldiversity.org/accounts/Ciconia_ciconia/

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